What is the History of Kashmir?

She was a very brave lady, shrewd and anable ruler. With her death in 1339 the Hindu rule in Kashmir came to an end andthus was established the Muslim rule in Kashmir under Sultan Shamas-ud-dinwhose dynasty ruled the valley for 222 years.

In this area there are low-grade coal reserves, chalk reserves, bauxite deposits are found. Making of inscribed wooden items, textiles and carpets are main products of industries located in these areas.

The greatest ruler of this dynasty was undoubtedly Sultan Zain-ul-Abdin.Under his rule Kashmir was culturally and politically at its zenith.

As a result, generation after generation of Kashmiri Hindus started losing rights to their ancestral homeland. And no more than 400,000 of them were left in 1989 in the valley out of the over 800,000 at Partition, while the Kashmiri Muslim population grew steadily. Compounding the injustice was the denial of rights to the hundreds of thousands of Hindus who fled from areas in Pakistan soon during the 1947 Partition and settled in the state

Thekingdom was annexed into the Mughal Empire in 1586 and thus was extinguishedthe freedom of Kashmir.

The agricultural products in this area includes mushrooms, honey, walnuts, apples, cherries, medicinal herbs and plants, resin, maple and burning wood

In 1757 Kashmir came under the control of Ahmed Shah Durrani, the Afghanwho invaded India many times.

There is shortage of schools and colleges in this region, but fortunately this region has 72% literacy rate.

In 1819 Kashmir was annexed by Ranjit Singh andmade a part of his Sikh empire.

Languages like Pashto,Urdu,Kashmiri and Punjabi are spoken prominently here.

The two Anglo-Sikh wars fought between theSikhs and Ranjit Singh resulted in the complete extinction of the Sikhsovereignty in Kashmir.

The British gave away Kashmir to Ghulab Singh for thesum of 75 lakhs of rupees under the Treaty of Amritsar.

Pak Occupied Kashmir (POK) also has its own Supreme Court and High Court.

This entitled GhulabSingh to have his complete sway over the dominion. He extended his territory byannexing Ladakh.

Ghulab Singh died in 1857 and was replaced by Rambir Singh(1857-1885). Two other Marajahs,

In 1947, Pakistan's Pashtoon tribals attacked Jammu and Kashmir. So to tackle this critical situation the Ruler of that time Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.

Partab Singh (1885-1925) and Hari Singh ruledin succession. Maharaja Sir Hari Singh ascended the throne in 1925

sought military assistance from the Indian government and the then Indian Governor General Mountbatten signed an agreement on 26 October 1947signed in which three subjects Defense, Foreign Affairs and Communications were handed over to India. Except these subjects Jammu and Kashmir was free to all its decisions.

He continuedto govern the state till 1950. In 1932 Kashmir's first political party - AllJammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference was formed by Sheik Abdullah

On the basis of this accession of treaty, the Government of India claims that India has the full right to interfere in the matters related to Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan on the other hand doesn’t agree with India.

The partywas later renamed the National Conference in 1939 and continues to be a majorpolitical party in Kashmirtoday.

Pakistan’s claim on Kashmir is based on the declaration of 1993. As per this declaration, Jammu & Kashmir was among those 5 states in which rule of Government of Pakistan was supposed to be established. But India never accepted this claim of Pakistan.

After IndianIndependence in 1947, the ruler of the princely state of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh, refused to accede to either India or Pakistan.

The Pak Occidental Kashmir was divided into two parts for the simplicity of the administration:
After the war of 1947 between India and Pakistan, the Kashmir administration was divided in two parts.

When Pakistan invaded Kashmir in the following year, the ruler of Kashmir sought help from the Indiangovernment and agreed to place Kashmirunder the dominion of India.