Tell about Mughal Emperor Humayun ?

The Mughals faced the growing army of Sher Shah at the Battle of Kanauj in 1540 where once again the Mughals were defeated.

Upon Babur's death, Humayun's territories were the least secure. He had ruled only four years, and not all umarah (nobles) viewed Humayun as the rightful ruler. Indeed, earlier, when Babur had become ill, some of the nobles had tried to install his Brother-in-law, Mahdi Khwaja, as ruler. Although this attempt failed, it was a sign of problems to come

Further defeats followed the Mughals and the emperor Humayun was compelled to quit the battlefield.

Sher Shah also captured Agra, the capital city of the Mughals, and forced Humayun to flee from India.

When Humayun came to the throne of the Mughal Empire, several of his brothers revolted against him

Humayun fled to Persia with his wife and a few companions.

Another brother Khalil Mirza (1509–30) supported Humayun but was assassinated. The Emperor commenced construction of a tomb for his brother in 1538, but this was not yet finished when Humayun was forced to flee to Persia.

There Shah Tahmasp not only offered him refuge, but also treated him as a royal visitor.

Sher Shah destroyed the structure and no further work was done on it after Humayun's restoration

With military support from Shah Tahmasp, Humayun proceeded to claim Kandahar and Kabul.

Humayun had two major rivals for his lands: Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat to the southwest and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan) settled along the river Ganges in Bihar to the east

Meanwhile Sher Shah Suri died in 1545, and his son and successor also died within a few years of his father in 1554.

Humayun's first campaign was to confront Sher Shah Suri. Halfway through this offensive Humayun had to abandon it and concentrate on Gujarat, where a threat from Ahmed Shah had to be met.

The ensuing political chaos provided Humayun with the perfect opportunity to reclaim his empire.

Humayun was victorious annexing Gujarat, Malwa, Champaner and the great fort of Mandu.

He gathered a large army which he placed under the leadership of Bairam Khan, a great military strategist.

During the first five years of Humayun's reign, Bahadur and Sher Khan extended their rule, although Sultan Bahadur faced pressure in the east from sporadic conflicts with the Portuguese.

Bairam Khan led the army and successfully laid claim to the throne for the Mughals. Once again Humayun claimed Babur’s throne on 23 July 1555.

While the Mughals had obtained firearms via the Ottoman Empire, Bahadur's Gujarat had acquired them through a series of contracts drawn up with the Portuguese, allowing the Portuguese to establish a strategic foothold in north western India

Humayun was not well known for being a great military leader.

However, he recognized his limitations and therefore placed his army under the leadership of Bairam Khan while attempting to reclaim the throne of Delhi from the descendants of Sher Shah Suri.

In 1535 Humayun was made aware that the Sultan of Gujarat was planning an assault on the Mughal territories with Portuguese aid. Humayun gathered an army and marched on Bahadur.

This proved to be a wise move as Bairam Khan was successful in recapturing the capital for Humayun.

Humayun had several wives and concubines, the most notable ones being Hamida Banu Begum, Mah Chuchak Begum, Bibi Gunwar Begum, Khanish Aghacha, Shaham Aghacha, and Maywa Jan Aghacha.

Within a month he had captured the forts of Mandu and Champaner. However, instead of pressing his attack, Humayun ceased the campaign and consolidated his newly conquered territory.