Tell about Mughal Emperor Humayun ?

He agreed to allow Sher Shah to rule over Bengal and Bihar, but only as provinces granted to him by his Emperor, Humayun, falling short of outright sovereignty.

Once the Army of Humayun had made its charge and Sher Shah’s troops made their agreed-upon retreat, the Mughal troops relaxed their defensive preparations and returned to their entrenchments without posting a proper guard. Observing the Mughals’ vulnerability, Sher Shah broke his earlier agreement.

Taking advantage of civil wars among the descendants of Shēr Shah, Humāyūn captured Lahore (now in Pakistan) in February 1555, and, after defeating Sikandar Sūr, the rebel Afghan governor of the Punjab, at Sirhind, he recovered Delhi and Agra that July. Humāyūn was fatally injured by falling down the staircase of his library.

That very night, his army approached the Mughal camp and finding the Mughal troops unprepared with a majority asleep, they advanced and killed most of them. The Emperor survived by swimming across the Ganges using an air filled “water skin,” and quietly returned to Agra.

His tomb in Delhi, built several years after his death, is the first of the great Mughal architectural masterpieces; it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993.

Sher Shah was gradually drawing closer and closer to Agra. This was a serious threat to the entire family, but Humayun and Kamran squabbled over how to proceed. Kamran withdrew after he refused to make a quick attack on the approaching enemy.

When Kamran returned to Lahore, his troops followed him shortly afterwards, and Humayun, with his other brothers Askari and Hindal, marched to meet Sher Shah just 240 kilometres (150 mi) east of Agra at the battle of Kannauj on 17 May 1540. He once again made some tactical errors, and his army was soundly defeated.

Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled over territory in what is now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1531–1540 and again from 1555–1556. He was born on 17 March 1508, in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Rana Prasad Rao of Amarkot duly welcomed Mughals into his home and sheltered the refugees for several months. Here Humayun’s wife Hamida Bano gave birth to the future Emperor Akbar on 15 October 1542.

He was the son and successor of Babur, the founder of the Mughal dynasty. Humayun was 22 years old when his father passed away. Babur’s eldest son and successor, Humayun succeeded his father in December 1530, as ruler of the Mughal territories in the Indian subcontinent.

While in Sindh, Humayun alongside Emir Hussein Umrani, gathered horses and weapons and formed new alliances that helped regain lost territories.

At the age of 23, Humayun was an inexperienced ruler when he came to power. Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but regained it.

He set off to join his brothers in Kandahar after crossing the Indus River on 11 July 1543 along with the ambition to regain the Mughal Empire and overthrow the Suri dynasty.

Humayun was forced to go to Persia in exile, for 15 years. In 1555, returned to India and defeated the succesor of Sher Shah, Islam Shah and regained India.

Kamran Mirza ordered his brother Askari Mirza to gather an army and march on Humayun. When Emperor received word of the approaching hostile army he decided against facing them, and instead sought refuge elsewhere.

Humayun fled to the refuge of the Safavid Empire in Persia, marching with 40 men, his wife Bega Begum.

In 1539, in the battle of Chausa- Sher Shah suri had defeated Humayun.

Shah Tahmasp, unlike Humayun’s own family, actually welcomed the Mughal, and treated him as a royal visitors.

In 1540, in the battle of kanauj- Sher Shah suri again defeated Humayun and established Sur Empire in India.

Shah gave him  12,000 elite cavalry  to lead an attack on his brother Kamran. All that Shah Tahmasp asked for was that, if Humayun’s forces were victorious, Kandahar would be his.

In 1555, with the help of Tahmashop Shah, king of Iran- Humayun reestablished Mughal Empire in India.

Humayun now prepared to take Kabul, ruled by his brother Kamran Mirza. In the end, there was no actual siege. People detested Kamran Mirza as a leader. As Humayun’s Persian army approached the city hundreds of Kamran Mirza’s troops changed sides.

He had started leather coins for one day in India.

Humayun had a larger army than his brother and had the upper hand. However, on two occasions, his poor military judgement allowed Kamran Mirza to retake Kabul and Kandahar. This forced Humayun to mount further campaigns for their recapture.

Nobles and Aides shakled his brother Askari Mirza was shackled in chains at the behest of his . Humayun allowed him to go on Hajj. He died en route in the desert outside Damascus.