What is meaning of Animation ?

Most natural action tends to follow an arched trajectory, and animation should adhere to this principle by following implied "arcs" for greater realism.

This technique can be applied to a moving limb by rotating a joint, or a thrown object moving along a parabolic trajectory.

The exception is mechanical movement, which typically moves in straight lines.

An object in motion that moves out of its natural arc for no apparent reason will appear erratic rather than fluid. For example,

when animating a pointing finger, the animator should be certain that in all drawings in between the two extreme poses,

the fingertip follows a logical arc from one extreme to the next.

Traditional animators tend to draw the arc in lightly on the paper for reference, to be erased later.

Adding secondary actions to the main action gives a scene more life, and can help to support the main action.

A person walking can simultaneously swing their arms or keep them in their pockets, speak or whistle, or

express emotions through facial expressions.[24] The important thing about secondary actions is that they emphasize,

rather than take attention away from the main action. If the latter is the case, those actions are better left out.

For example, during a dramatic movement, facial expressions will often go unnoticed.

In these cases it is better to include them at the beginning and the end of the movement, rather than during.

Exaggeration is an effect especially useful for animation, as animated motions that strive for.............

perfect imitation of reality can look static and dull.

The level of exaggeration depends on whether one seeks realism or a particular style, like a caricature or the style of a specific artist.

The classical definition of exaggeration, employed by Disney, was to remain true to reality, just presenting it in a wilder, more extreme form.................

Other forms of exaggeration can involve the supernatural or surreal, alterations in the physical features of a character; or elements in the storyline itself.....

It is important to employ a certain level of restraint when using exaggeration. If a scene contains several elements,

there should be a balance in how those elements are exaggerated in relation to each other, to avoid confusing or overawing the viewer.[31]

The principle of solid drawing means taking into account forms in three-dimensional space, or giving them volume and weight.[12]

The animator needs to be a skilled artist and has to understand the basics of three-dimensional shapes, anatomy, weight, balance, light and shadow, etc.

For the classical animator, this involved taking art classes and doing sketches from life.

One thing in particular that Johnston and Thomas warned against was creating "twins":

characters whose left and right sides mirrored each other, and looked lifeless.