What is meaning of Animation ?

Straight ahead action" creates a more fluid, dynamic illusion of movement, and is better for producing realistic action sequences.

On the other hand, it is hard to maintain proportions, and to create exact, convincing poses along the way.

"Pose to pose" works better for dramatic or emotional scenes, where composition and relation to the surroundings are of greater importance.....................

A combination of the two techniques is often used.....

Computer animation removes the problems of proportion related to "straight ahead action" drawing; however,

"pose to pose" is still used for computer animation, because of the advantages it brings in composition.

The use of computers facilitates this method, and can fill in the missing sequences in between poses automatically.

It is, however, still important to oversee this process and apply the other principles discussed.

Follow Through and Overlapping Action

Follow through and overlapping action is a general heading for two closely related techniques which help to render movement more realistically,

and help to give the impression that characters follow the laws of physics, including the principle of inertia.

"Follow through" means that loosely tied parts of a body should continue moving after the character has stopped and the parts should keep moving beyond the point where the character stopped only to be subsequently "pulled back"

towards the center of mass and/or exhibiting various degrees of oscillation damping.

"Overlapping action" is the tendency for parts of the body to move at different rates

(an arm will move on different timing of the head and so on). A third, related technique is "drag",

where a character starts to move and parts of him take a few frames to catch up.

These parts can be inanimate objects like clothing or the antenna on a car, or parts of the body, such as arms or hair.

On the human body, the torso is the core, with arms, legs, head and hair appendices that normally follow the torso's movement.

Body parts with much tissue, such as large stomachs and breasts, or the loose skin on a dog, are more prone to independent movement than bonier body parts.

Again, exaggerated use of the technique can produce a comical effect, while more realistic animation must time the actions exactly, to produce a convincing result.

The movement of objects in real world needs time to accelerate and slow down like human body ,

animals , car and most other objects . For this reason and to make animation look more realistic more pictures are drawm near the beginning and end of an action, this emphasize the extreme poses,

and fewer pictures are drawn the middle to emphasize faster action .

This principle goes for characters moving between two extreme poses, such as sitting down and standing up, but also for inanimate,

moving objects, like the bouncing ball in the above illustration.