Tell about Prithvi Missile ?

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The Prithvi was India's first indigenously developed ballistic missile produced by the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP). It is a road-mobile, short range ballistic missile (SRBM) powered by a single-stage, two engines, and liquid-fuel. Development of the Prithvi began in 1983, and it was first tested fired on February 25, 1988. The three versions of the Prithvi have been tested twenty times since.

The Prithvi is not a particularly sophisticated missile, incorporating propulsion technology derived from the Soviet SA-2 surface-to-air missile. According to the Carnengie Endowment for International Peace "Given the Prithvi's range, its role would be restricted to use against Pakistan."

The Prithvi is India's only deployed nuclear capable missile. Two versions are now in service and a third is under development.

Prithvi-I has a 150 km range and a 1,000 kg payload. It has been in army service since 1994 and is capable of striking roughly a quarter of Pakistani territory, including Islamabad and most other major cities.

Prithvi-II has a 250 km range and a 500-750 kg payload. It is currently in Air Force service and could strike at least half of Pakistan, including almost all important military targets and all major cities. It was first test-fired on January 27, 1996.

Prithvi-III, which has a 350 km range and a 1,000 kg payload, is currently under development. It is a longer-range, naval version of the Prithvi and is also referred to as the Dhanush. Prithv-III was first successfully tested September 21, 2001, and according to statements made by India's ministry of Defense, it will soon be operationalized and integrated into the Indian Navy.

The Prithvi-I is relatively small, 8.55 meters long and 1.1 meters in diameter. It weighs 4,000-4,500 kg. India has demonstrated its ability to launch the Prithvi from mobile launchers through at least two test fires by artillery personnel. It was paraded in mobile launchers during India's Republic Day parade in January 1996.

Despite US pressure on India to halt the program, serial production of Prithvi-I began at Bharat Dynamic Limited sometime between mid-1994 and 1997. An estimated 75 Prithvi warheads have been produced.

The Indian army is reluctant to incorporate the Prithvi-I into its practices largely because of its lack of precision and the difficulties associated with its liquid fuel. The Prithvi is reported to have a relatively high circular error probable (CEP) -- 300 meters at 150 km range and 500 meters at 250 km range, (0.2 percent of the range). There have been reports of plans by the Indian Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) to install Global Positioning System (GPS) units on the Prithvi, in order to reduce its CEP to about 75 meters.

The Prithvi's liquid fuel poses liabilities as a delivery system. The liquid propellant mixture is highly volatile and corrosive and must be loaded just prior to launch.

Prithvi II, a missile that is capable of carrying out nuclear attacks was successfully test fired from Chandipur in Balasore district of Odisha on February 19, 2015.

The missile was test fired as a part of a trial exercise by the Indian Army.

Prithvi II is also the first missile to be made under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) by the Defence Research and Analysis wing of Ministry of Defence, known as the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO).

Prithvi II is a series of Short range ballistic missiles launched to combat opponents in war like situations. It also assists in surface to surface fighting and precisely hitting their intended target. This missile has been developed mainly to be used by the Indian Air Force (IAF).

The first test fire of this missile was carried out in 1996 and its development stage was completed in the year 2004. Presently, it has evolved into one of the most successful Indian missiles.

With constant efforts of the scientists of DRDO, the range and precision of this missile has been improved considerably as currently, this potent missile has the strike range of 350 kilometers and can carry the load of nuclear warhead up to 1000 kilogram mass (exact range being 500-1000 kilograms).

Inducted by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) in 2003 to enhance the country's nuclear arsenal in 2003, this special missile turns out to be India's first missile to be developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program, a program initiated by Ministry of Defence primarily for carrying out comprehensive research and making nuclear capable missiles.

These nuclear tests are carried out by randomly choosing missiles from the production stock and India's total military arsenal. This is done to test our nation's progress and emergency preparations if a war like situation ever arises without any prior announcement.

Agni-1 is an indigenously developed surface-to-surface, single-stage missile which was inducted into service in 2004.

The state-of-the-art missile is propelled by a solid rocket propellant system. It was launched as part of a regular training exercise by the armed forces.

The sophisticated Agni-1 missile is equipped with a specialised navigation system that ensures it reaches the target with a high degree of precision.

The defence sources said that the trajectory of the trial was tracked by a battery of sophisticated radars, telemetry observation stations, electro-optic instruments and naval ships right from its launch till the missile hit the target area with pin-point accuracy.

Agni-1 missile has already been inducted into the armed forces and has proved its performance in terms of range, accuracy and lethality, the defence sources said, adding that the trial reconfirms the Army's readiness to fire it at short notice.

Agni-1 missile weighs around 12 tonnes. It is 15-metre-long and can carry payloads up to 1,000 kg.