Tell about Linux Operating System ?

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An operating system is an interface between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. It is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and offers common services for programs of the computer. The short term of the operating system is OS. And, it is, an essential component of the system software in a computer system. The main purpose of an OS is to afford an environment in which a user can execute a program in an efficient or convenient manner. This article gives an overview of what is the Linux Operating System; the types of operating systems; their architecture and features.

Operating systems are categorized into six types based on the types of computers they control such as single user single task operating systems, real time operating systems, single user, multitasking operating systems, multiuser operating systems, distributed operating systems, and embedded operating systems. The typical services that an operating system provides include: a task scheduler, memory manager, disk manager, network manager, Other I/O services and Security manager.

Linux operating system is one of the popular versions of the UNIX operating system, which is designed to offer a free or low cost operating system for personal computer users. It gained the reputation as a fast performing and very efficient system.This is a remarkably complete operating system, including a GUI (graphical user interface), TCP/IP, the Emacs editor,can X Window System, etc.

The History of Linux began in the 1991 with the beginning of a personal project by a Finland student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. Since then, the resulting Linux Kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout the history.

In the year 1991, Linux was introduced by a Finland student Linus Torvalds.
Hewlett Packard UniX(HP-UX) 8.0 was released.
In the year 1992, Hewlett Packard 9.0 was released.
In the year 1993, NetBSD 0.8 and FreeBSD 1.0 released.
In the year 1994, Red Hat Linux was introduced, Caldera was founded by Bryan Sparks and Ransom Love and NetBSD1.0 Released.

The Linux Operating System’s architecture primarily has these components: the Kernel, Hardware layer, System library, Shell and System utility.

1. The kernel is the core part of the operating system, which is responsible for all the major activities of the LINUX operating system. This operating system consists of different modules and interacts directly with the underlying hardware. The kernel offers the required abstraction to hide application programs or low-level hardware details to the system. The types of Kernels are as follows:

Monolithic Kernel
Micro kernels
Exo kernels

System libraries are special functions, that are used to implement the functionality of the operating system and do not require code access rights of kernel modules.

System Utility programs are liable to do individual, and specialized-level tasks.

Hardware layer of the LINUX operating system consists of peripheral devices such as RAM, HDD, CPU.

. The shell is an interface between the user and the kernel, and it affords services of the kernel. It takes commands from the user and executes kernel’s functions. The Shell is present in different types of operating systems, which are classified into two types:command line shells and graphical shells.

The command line shells provide a command line interface, while the graphical line shells provide a graphical user interface. Though both shells perform operations, but the graphical user interface shells perform slower than the command line interface shells. Types of shells are classified into four:

Korn shell
Bourne shell
C shell
POSIX shell

Portable: Linux operating system can work on different types of hardwares as well as Linux kernel supports the installation of any kind of hardware platform.

Open Source: Source code of LINUX operating system is freely available and, to enhance the ability of the LINUX operating system, many teams work in collaboration.

Since its creation back in 1991 the open source Unix-like operating system has gone on to revolutionise the world, empower startups, birth new industries, and give agency to new types of gadgets, gizmos and gateways.

Multiuser: Linux operating system is a multiuser system, which means, multiple users can access the system resources like RAM, Memory or Application programs at the same time.

Linux is the dominant OS in cloud, in IoT, and on mobile. And while it might not have “won” the desktop war (yet) there’s no denying that its collaborative, freely available nature has had a major influence on a swathe of its competitors.

Multiprogramming: Linux operating system is a multiprogramming system, which means multiple applications can run at the same time.

The beating heart of the modern world, and an omnipresent force pervading daily digital life: Linux is everywhere. You’ll find powering high-speed trains and and high-end supercomputers as well as smartphones, space faring robots, and super-secure routers.

1. There are 20,323,379 lines of code in the Linux kernel as of 2018. That might sound like a lot but it’s actually the smallest the kernel has been for some time! Even so, despite the recent reductions, the huge line count means Linux remains the single largest open source project on the planet.

Hierarchical File System: Linux operating system affords a standard file structure in which system files or user files are arranged.

So to celebrate 27 years of this crazy can-do kernel here’s a list of 27 facts about Linux, cunningly cobbled together from a compendium of community sources, interviews with its creator, and copious cuts from publicly available data.

2. Linux very nearly wasn’t called Linux! Linus wanted to call his “hobby” project “FreaX” (a combination of “free”, “freak” and “Unix”). Thankfully, he was persuaded otherwise by the owner of the server hosting his early code, who happened to prefer the name “Linux” (a combination of “Linus” and “Unix”).

Shell: Linux operating system offers  a special interpreter program, that  can be used to execute commands of the OS. It can be used to do several types of operations like call application programs, and so on.

as of 2018. That might sound like a lot but it’s actually the smallest the kernel has been for some time! Even so, despite the recent reductions, the huge line count means Linux remains the single largest open source project on the planet.