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Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' (4 March 1921 – 11 April 1977) was one of the most successful and influential writers of modern Hindi literature in the post-Premchand era. He is the author of Maila Anchal, which after Premchand's Godaan, is regarded as the most significant Hindi novel.

Phanishwar Nath Renu is a revolutionary novelist of the post-Premchand era of the Hindi literature. He was the voice of the contemporary rural India and among the pioneers to bring regional voices into the mainstream Hindi literature. He was born on 4th March 1921 in Aurahi Hingna in the district of Purnia.

He received his primary education in Araria and Forbesganj. He passed his Matriculation from Viratnagar Adarsh Vidyalaya(school), Viratnagar, Nepal. And Intermediate from Kashi Hindu Vishvavidyalay (university) in 1942. He actively participated in the Indian freedom struggle in 1942. He was even involved in the Nepali revolutionary struggle in 1950 against the dictatorship and oppression of the Rana’s which led in the establishment of democracy in Nepal.

Phanishwar Nath (Mandal) Renu was born on 4 March 1921 in a small village Aurahi Hingna near Simraha railway station in Bihar. The Mandal (surname) community to which Renu belonged constitutes an under-privileged social group in India. Renu's family, however, enjoyed the benefits of land, education, and social prestige. Renu's father, Shilanath Mandal, had been active in the Indian National Movement and was an extremely enlightened individual, taking a keen interest in modern ideas, culture and art.

Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' is best known for promoting the voice of the contemporary rural India through the genre of 'Aanchalik Upanyas' (Regional Story), and is placed amongst the pioneering Hindi writers who brought regional voices into the mainstream Hindi literature. Renu was very close associate of Bengali novelist Satinath Bhaduri. He wrote a memoirs named Bhaduriji (Mr. Bhaduri) in Bengali

Phanishwar Nath Renu’s writings had an intimate feeling with the reader, which he developed by using the local flavor of the language instead of Khari Boli. Few of the novels written by him are Maila Anchal, Parti Parikatha, Juloos, Deerghtapa, Kitne Chaurahe and Paltu Babu Road. Among all his works Maila Anchal (1954) is his masterpiece. He was honored with Padma Shri by the Government of India for this novel.

This novel mainly depicts the contemporary social life of the people who are poor and backward. It is considered to be one of the finest novels ever written in Hindi literature. It depicts the landscape of Bihar, the division of society on the basis of caste, Indian struggle of independence, and the true face of rural India. It has introduced a new form of novel by radically changing the structure and narrative style of Hindi novels.

Phanishwar Nath Renu even wrote short stories namely Maare Gaye Gulfam, Ek Adim Ratri Ki Mehak, Lal Pan Ki Begum Panchlight, Thes Samvadiya, Tabe Ekla Chalo Re, and few collection of stories include Thumri Agnikhor, and Acche Aadmi.

His short story "Maare Gaye Gulfam" was adapted into a film Teesri Kasam (The Third Vow), by Basu Bhattacharya (produced by the poet-lyricist Shailendra) in 1966 for which he also wrote the dialogues

His short story Panchlight is known for its pleasing portrayal of human behavior. His writings are very similar to Premchand’s writings especially in respect of choice of themes. Another short story Maare Gaye Gulfam was made into a film entitled Teesri Kasam.

Later his short story "Panchlight" (Petromax) was made into a TV short film. The 2017 Bollywood Film Panchlait is also based on this short story.

Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' was born on 4 March 1921 at village Aurahi Hingna near Forbesganj, in Araria district (then Purnia district), Bihar. He was educated in India and Nepal. His primary education was held in Araria and Forbesganj.

He did his Matriculation from Biratnagar Adarsh Vidyalaya(school), Biratnagar, Nepal while staying with Koirala Family. After Passing out IA from Kashi Hindu Vishvavidyalay (university) in 1942 he took part in the Indian Freedom Struggle

Later he participated in the Nepali revolutionary movement in 1950 which resulted in the establishment of democracy in Nepal.

He ushered in 'Anchalik-katha' (Regional Story) of Hindi writing. He had a very close friendship with Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana Agyey - his contemporary poet.

A biography on the writer has also been produced with the name: Phanishwar Nath ‘Renu’ in Unki Nazar Unka Shahar.

His first novel which is also considered his masterpiece, Maila Anchal (The Soiled Linen, 1954), was a social novel that depicted the life of rural Bihar and its people, especially the backward and the deprived. He was subsequently awarded one of India's highest civilian honours, the Padma Sri in 1970.

He returned the Padma Sri in protest of the proclamation of Internal Emergency.

He was married Three , first wife was Rekha renu (unknown person) , while second padama & 3rd Latika (d. 2011). He met his second wife, a nurse while admitted at Patna Medical College and Hospital. They married in 1951

She has been the inspiration behind, Maila Anchal, Parti Parikatha and Mare Gaye Gulfam. His elder Daughter & Son, Biggest daughter Kavita roy(rekha renu's Daughter)her living very poor & unknown condition from katihar,& Padma renu's Son Padma Parag Renu, remained an MLA from Forbesganj, while younger son, Dakhineshwar Renu ran an organization, Renu Samaj Seva Sansthan.

Phanishwar Nath Renu is a revolutionary novelist of the post-Premchand era of the Hindi literature.

He was the voice of the contemporary rural India and among the pioneers to bring regional voices into the mainstream Hindi literature.

He was born on 4th March 1921 in Aurahi Hingna in the district of Purnia.

He received his primary education in Araria and Forbesganj. He passed his Matriculation from Viratnagar Adarsh Vidyalaya(school), Viratnagar, Nepal. And Intermediate from Kashi Hindu Vishvavidyalay (university) in 1942.