What was Treaty of Vienna ?

The same measures shall be adopted within the same period upon the frontiers of Upper Austria, Saltzburgh, Willach, and Carniola, as far as the Saave. The Thalweg of the Saave, shall determine what islands of that river shall belong to each power. For this purpose French and Austrian commissaries shall be nominated.

This convention shall regulate all that relates to the evacuation of the hospitals and magazines of the French army, and the entrance of the Austrian troops into the territories evacuated by the French or their allies ; and also the evacuation of that part of Croatia ceded by the present treaty to his majesty the emperor of the French.

The prisoners of war taken by France and her allies from Austria, and by Austria from France and her allies, that have not yet been released, shall be given up within fourteen days after the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.

We have ratified, and hereby ratify the above treaty, in all and every of the articles therein contained; declare the same to be adopted, confirmed and established; and engage that the same shall be maintained inviolable.

In confirmation whereof we have hereto fixed our signature, with our own hand, being countersigned and sealed with our imperial seal.

The Congress of Vienna by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1819.
The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors, from the major powers in Europe, that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from November 1, 1814 to June 8, 1815. Its purpose was to settle issues and redraw the continent's political map after the defeat of Napoleonic France the previous spring, which would also reflect the change in status by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire eight years before.

The discussions continued despite the ex-Emperor Napoleon I's return from exile and resumption of power in France in March 1815, and the Congress's Final Act was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815. Technically, one might note that the "Congress of Vienna" never actually occurred, as the Congress never met in plenary session, with most of the discussions occurring in informal sessions among the Great Powers meeting without the greater number of delegates from the lesser states. The principle that each state has the same status and voice within international organs did not develop under the end of World War I.

The Treaty of Vienna, also known as the Treaty of Schönbrunn, was signed on 14 October, 1809, and ratified by Napoleon one day later, on 15 October.

The Congress was concerned with determining the entire shape of Europe after the Napoleonic wars, with the exception of the terms of peace with France between the belligerents, which had already been decided by the Treaty of Paris, signed a few months earlier, on May 30, 1814, returning the Bourbon monarchy and re-setting the borders to their 1792 locations.

The treaty officially brought to an end France’s war with Austria, although hostilities had ended the day after the Battle of Znaïm (10-11 July, 1809).

The text of the treaty is a contemporary translation taken from Cobbett’s Political Register, vol. 16, published in 1809. This article forms part of our close-up on: the Treaty of Vienna.

That outcome was widely unpopular with the population of France, and led indirectly to the resumption of power by Napoleon during the Hundred Days. The role of empire in the European space declined after the Congress. The nation state emerged as the basic political unit. These smaller units proved to be ideal for the evolution of a view of government as having a responsibility for the welfare of all citizens, not just of the governing elite.

Napoleon, by the grace of God, and the constitution of the empire, emperor of the French, king of Italy, protector of the League of the Rhine, &c.

The nation state saw the emergence of democracy and of the view of the state as the collective property of all citizens, not as the personal possession of the ruling emperor.

At the Congress, Britain was represented first by its Foreign Secretary, Viscount Castlereagh; after Castlereagh's return to England in February 1815, by the Duke of Wellington; and in the last weeks, after Wellington left to face Napoleon in the Hundred Days, by the Earl of Clancarty.

The Congress of Vienna was a conference between ambassadors, from the major powers in Europe, that was chaired by the Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich and held in Vienna, Austria, from November 1, 1814 to June 8, 1815

Its purpose was to settle issues and redraw the continent's political map after the defeat of Napoleonic France the previous spring, which would also reflect the change in status by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire eight years before.

The major Allies' indecision on how to conduct their affairs without provoking a united protest from the lesser powers led to the calling of a preliminary conference on protocol, to which both Talleyrand and the Marquis of Labrador, Spain's representative, were invited on September 30, 1814.

The discussions continued despite the ex-Emperor Napoleon I's return from exile and resumption of power in France in March 1815, and the Congress's Final Act was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815.

Congress Secretary Friedrich von Gentz (1764-1832) would report that, "The intervention of Talleyrand and Labrador has hopelessly upset all our plans. Talleyrand protested against the procedure we have adopted and soundly [be]rated us for two hours. It was a scene I shall never forget."

The discussions continued despite the ex-Emperor Napoleon I's return from exile and resumption of power in France in March 1815, and the Congress's Final Act was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815.

The embarrassed representatives of the Allies replied that the document concerning the protocol they had arranged actually meant nothing. "If it means so little, why did you sign it?" snapped Labrador.

Talleyrand’s policy, directed as much by national as personal ambitions, demanded the close but by no means amicable relationship he had with Labrador. Talleyrand regarded Labrador with "Olympian disdain;"[2] of Talleyrand, the testy Spaniard would remark: "That cripple, unfortunately, is going to Vienna

Technically, one might note that the "Congress of Vienna" never actually occurred, as the Congress never met in plenary session, with most of the discussions occurring in informal sessions among the Great Powers meeting without the greater number of delegates from the lesser states. The principle that each state has the same status and voice within international organs did not develop under the end of World War I.

Talleyrand skirted additional articles suggested by Labrador: He had no intention of handing over the 12,000 afrancesados ("frenchified" Spanish fugitives who had sworn fealty to Joseph Bonaparte), with whom he had shady business connections, nor the bulk of the documents, paintings, pieces of fine art, and works of hydrography and natural history that had been looted from the archives, palaces, churches, and cathedrals of Spain.