Tell about Mongol Empire ?

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Though it may sound paradoxical that a nomadic group of people could transform Eurasia with its scattered peoples, but Chinggis Khan, or Genghis Kahn as you might know him, and his family were able to create the largest empire of its time in just seven decades, based on the political toolkit of earlier Eurasian empires use of a nomadic pastoral economy.

The Mongols developed on the Eurasian steppe, a mass of rolling plains, forests, mountains, and tundra with a climate of extremely variable weather.

Due to the difficulties of living in this area, organized mobility became a crucial component of any society there, and a unique management of people became the distinctive style of a Eurasian empire. Along with killing people from on horseback, of course.

The title of Khan as a supreme ruler comes from the Turkic empires of 552-734 CE, who were ruled by a leader called a khaqan.

The ruling privilege of the Khan was considered a mandate from Tengri, the chief god of the sky and all the nomads who lived under it.

Shamans were the spiritual helpers of society, as they could make contact with spirits. Many leaders relied on shamans, but some rulers claimed the ability to access the gods themselves.

Tengri was an overarching deity, who ruled over a world of spirits that humans could address, appeal to, and appease.

High places were thought of as sacred by the Mongols, due to their proximity to the heavens, and Burkhan Khaldun was their most sacred mountain.

Because of their religious beliefs, Mongols lived in stark contrast to their contemporaries, who were often constricted by institutionalized churches and disrupted by competing religious factions or schisms.

They were able to be inclusive rather than exclusive, unlike the monotheistic empires around them.

Mongol empire, empire founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. Originating from the Mongol heartland in the Steppe of central Asia

The Mongols mode of choosing an emperor was through a combination of warriorhood and lineage.

At its peak, it covered some 9 million square miles (23 million square km) of territory, making it the largest contiguous land empire in world history.

They used a form of tanistry where the sons and brothers of the dead chief would contend with one another for the open seat.

The idea was that the most qualified candidate for the throne should lead them, rather than someone who just happened into being the firstborn son.

To choose the next Khan, a great council called a kurultai would be held to make the decision.

While on the surface it may seem like this method of succession could lead to many crises, it actually looked more like a rigorous, yet rather normal procedure.

The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, a Mongol political and military leader who sometimes brutally conquered and united the Mongol tribes. Between AD 1206, when Temujin received his title as Genghis Khan (“Ruler”), and AD 1370

A khan had to be a man of chiefly family who won the highly competitive competition to display his war and diplomacy skills.

By the age of three, Mongol children were taught to ride horses by their mothers. In order to prevent injury, the children would be tied to the horse at first, and within a couple of years, the child would begin training with a bow and arrow.

At its height, the Mongol Empire covered large parts of modern-day China, Mongolia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Moldova, South Korea, North Korea, and Kuwait. After the death of Genghis Khan in 1227

the Mongol Empire grew even larger under his son, Tushi, and grandson, Kublai Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China through at least 22 legitimate sons. This family legacy made the Khan’s the most successful empire builders ever.

Clearly, the Mongols had intense training and this led to extraordinary abilities. They had a great deal of knowledge about the land they lived on, the weather conditions, vegetation, and water supply.

Once established, the Mongol Empire became a peaceful political environment that allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East, and Asia.