- meenu007
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Join date : 2019-01-07
Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:23 pm
To reduce space and increase reading speed, virtually all Braille books are transcribed in what is known as Grade 2 braille, which uses a system of contractions to reduce space and speed the process of reading.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:23 pm
it is not used for publication, but is used mostly for individuals for their personal convenience.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:23 pm
Grade 3 braille is a system that includes many additional contractions, almost a shorthand
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:24 pm
Pharmaceutical Braille guidelines recommend Grade 1 Braille (un-contracted Braille). PharmaBraille fonts are Grade 1 braille.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:25 pm
Braille is a system of reading and writing by touch used by the blind.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:25 pm
It consists of arrangements of dots which make up letters of the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation marks
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:25 pm
The basic Braille symbol, called the Braille cell, consists of six dots arranged in the formation of a rectangle, three dots high and two across.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:26 pm
Other symbols consist of only some of these six dots. The six dots are commonly referred to by number according to their position in the cell:
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:26 pm
There are no different symbols for capital letters in Braille
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:27 pm
Capitalization is accomplished by placing a dot 6 in the cell just before the letter that is capitalized.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:27 pm
The first ten letters of the alphabet are used to make numbers. These are preceded by a number sign which is dots 3-4-5-6:
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:27 pm
Thus, 1 is number sign a; 2 is number sign b; 10 is number sign a-j and 193 is number sign a-i-c:
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:28 pm
Some abbreviations are used in standard American Braille in order to reduce its bulk.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:28 pm
These must be memorized, but most Braille readers and writers find them convenient, rather than a problem. Braille is written on heavy paper, and the raised dots prevent the pages from lying smoothly together as they would in a print book. Therefore, Braille books are quite bulky.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:28 pm
Today there are three methods of writing Braille, just as there are two methods of writing print.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:28 pm
A Braille writing machine (comparable to a typewriter) has a keyboard of only six keys and a space bar, instead of one key for each letter of the alphabet.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:29 pm
These keys can be pushed separately or altogether. If they are all pushed at the same time, they will cause six dots to be raised on the paper in the formation of a Braille cell.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:29 pm
Pushing various combinations of the keys on the Braille writer produces different letters of the alphabet and other Braille symbols.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:29 pm
Writing Braille with a slate and stylus compares to writing print with a pen or pencil.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:29 pm
The stylus is used to push dots down through the paper, while the slate serves as a guide.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:30 pm
The Braille slate can be made of metal or plastic and is hinged so that there is a guide under the paper as well as on top of it.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:30 pm
A person writing Braille with the slate and stylus begins at the right side of the paper and ends the line on the left, since the dots are being produced on the underside of the paper.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:30 pm
Of course, the Braille reader reads from left to right, for the dots are then on the top side of the paper.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:30 pm
Although this may seem a bit confusing, it need not be at all troublesome, since both reading and writing progress through words and sentences from beginning to end in the same manner.
- meenu007
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Re: What is Braille ?
Wed Jan 09, 2019 6:31 pm
The speed of writing Braille with the slate and stylus is about the same as the speed of writing print with pen or pencil.
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