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Russian Civil War - Wikipedia

Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring political monarchism, economic capitalism and alternative forms of socialism,

each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fough

gainst both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the former Allied military forces from the World War and the pro-German armies.[6] The Red Army eventually defeated

he White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak to the east in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and e

cuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. The war ended in 1923 in

the sense that Bolshevik communist control of the newly formed Soviet Union was now assured, although armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,0

–12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greate

national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen.[7]

The Russian Civil War was to tear Russia apart for three years – between 1918 and 1921

The civil war occurred because after November 1917,

groups had formed that opposed Lenin’s Bolsheviks.

Many pro-independence movements emerged after the break-up of the Russian Empire and fought in the war.[8] Several parts of the former Russian Empire—

These groups included monarchists, militarists, and, for a short time, foreign nations.

Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland—were established as sovereign states, with their own civil wars and wars of

Collectively, they were known as the Whites while the Bolsheviks were known as the Reds.

civil

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk had shown to many how weak the Bolsheviks actually were.

ndependence. The rest of the former Russian Empire was consolidated into the Soviet Union shortly afterwards.

Lenin had called for peace at any price and the Germans had exacted very severe terms – something that was held against them at Versailles in 1919.

: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Be

At the end of 1917, the Bolsheviks only effectively controlled Petrograd

Moscow and the territory between both cities. With the fall of Nicholas II,

the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on