What is Speaker and how does it work ?

Magnet: Typically made from ferrite or powerful neodymium.

Bottom plate: Made of soft iron.

Pole piece: Concentrates the magnetic field produced by the voice coil.

Voice coil: The coil that moves the diaphragm back and forth.

Former: A cylinder of cardboard or other material onto which the coil is wound.

Top plate: Also made of soft iron.

Cables: Connect stereo amplifier unit to voice coil.

It's not just the moving cone that determines how a speaker sounds.

Have you noticed how most speakers are built into wooden or plastic cases? That's not just to make them look nice: it drastically changes the sound.

You probably know that a guitar's wooden body amplifies the sound the strings make by a process called sympathetic resonance.

As the strings vibrate, they make the air around them vibrate too. That starts the air vibrating inside the guitar body in sympathy—and this is what makes the sound loud enough to hear.

A loudspeaker case works in exactly the same way. Without the resonance of the case, you'd hardly hear a guitar or a loudspeaker at all.

Except for earphones, loudspeakers are usually some distance from our ears.

The sound waves produced by the speaker cones have to travel through the air in a room before we can hear them.

sound waves travel out from speakers in all directions. They travel backward from the speaker as well as forward; they travel down to the floor and up to the ceiling as well. In practice, one single push or pull of a speaker cone sends sound waves traveling in all directions.

These reflected waves bounce off the walls, floors, and furniture in your room and interact in many different ways,

sometimes adding together and sometimes canceling out. With the same set of speakers, an empty room will sound very different to a room full of furniture; a living room with rugs and soft furnishings will sound very different to a kitchen or bathroom with lots of hard surfaces.

You can dramatically alter the quality of the sound your speakers make by putting them in different places.

Always arrange them symmetrically (so if one is six inches from a wall, the other needs to be six inches from a wall too).

Never fasten speakers directly onto a wall or stand them on the floor. Instead, try to mount them roughly at ear level.

Never fasten speakers directly onto a wall or stand them on the floor. Instead, try to mount them roughly at ear level.

Put each speaker nearer to the center of the room so there are unequal distances from the speaker to the walls, ceiling, and floor.

That will help to stop reflected sounds from interfering with the main speaker sounds.

Speaker stands are a great investment: they usually make speakers sound twice as good!

When sound comes from a single loudspeaker, we say it's mono or monaural. Mono is like the sound of one person talking: the sound source is fixed in one place.