Tell about Mughal Emperor Humayun ?

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Humayun was born in 6 March 1508 to Mughal Emperor Babur and Maham Begum in Kabul Afghanistan.

He received an upbringing typical for princes of his stature. Humayun learned Turki, Arabic, and Persian. He was also interested in mathematics, philosophy, and astrology.

Humayun was born in 6 March 1508 to Mughal Emperor Babur and Maham Begum in Kabul Afghanistan.

He received an upbringing typical for princes of his stature. Humayun learned Turki, Arabic, and Persian. He was also interested in mathematics, philosophy, and astrology.

His father gave him military training and appointed him governor of Badakhashan at the age of 20.
He proved his bravery as a young governor and fought at Panipat and Khanwa, two decisive battles in Indian history.

His father gave him military training and appointed him governor of Badakhashan at the age of 20.

Humayun had two major rivals for his lands: Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat to the southwest and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan) settled along the river Ganges in Bihar to the east.

Humayun had two major rivals for his lands: Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat to the southwest and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan) settled along the river Ganges in Bihar to the east.

In 1535, he was made aware that the Sultan of Gujarat was planning an assault on the Mughal territories with Portuguese aid.

In 1535, he was made aware that the Sultan of Gujarat was planning an assault on the Mughal territories with Portuguese aid.

He gathered an army and marched on Bahadur. Within a month he had captured the forts of Mandu and Champaner.

Shortly after he had marched on Gujarat, Sher Shah Suri saw an opportunity to wrest control of Agra from the Mughals. He began to gather his army together hoping for a rapid and decisive siege of the Mughal capital.

Upon hearing this alarming news, Humayun quickly marched his troops back to Agra allowing Bahadur to easily regain control of the territories he had recently taken.

Humāyūn, also called Nāṣir al-Dīn Muḥammad, (born March 6, 1508, Kabul [Afghanistan]—died January 1556, Delhi [India]), second Mughal ruler of India, who was more an adventurer than a consolidator of his empire.

Whilst Humayun succeeded in protecting Agra from Sher Shah. However Sher Shah sacked Gaur the capital of the vilayat of Bengal. Sher Shah got the war chest by depleting the vast wealth of Bengal.

The son and successor of Bābur, who had founded the Mughal dynasty, Humāyūn ruled from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 to 1556.

Sher Shah withdrew to the east, but Humayun did not follow: instead he “shut himself up for a considerable time in his Harem, and indulged himself in every kind of luxury.

Humāyūn inherited the hope rather than the fact of empire, because the Afghans and Rajputs were merely restrained but not reconciled to Mughal supremacy by the Mughal victories at Panipat (1526), Khanua (1527), and the Ghaghara (1529).

Hindal, Humayun’s 19-year-old brother, had agreed to aid him in this battle and protect the rear from attack, but he abandoned his position and withdrew to Agra, where he decreed himself acting emperor.

Bahādur Shah of Gujarat, encouraged by Afghan and Mughal émigrés, challenged the Mughals in Rajasthan, and, although Humāyūn occupied Gujarat in 1535, the danger there ended only with Bahādur’s death in 1537.

Humayun’s other brother, Kamran Mirza, marched from his territories in the Punjab, ostensibly to aid him. However, his return home had treacherous motives as he intended to stake a claim for Humayun’s apparently collapsing empire.

Meanwhile, an Afghan soldier of fortune, Shēr Shah of Sūr, had consolidated his power in Bihar and Bengal. He defeated Humāyūn at Chausa in 1539 and at Kannauj in 1540, expelling him from India.

Humāyūn became a homeless wanderer, seeking support first in Sindh, then in Marwar, and then in Sindh again; his famous son, Akbar, was born there in 1542

Reaching Iran in 1544, Humāyūn was granted military aid by Shah Ṭahmāsp and went on to conquer (in what is now Afghanistan) Kandahār (1545) and to seize Kabul three times from his own disloyal brother, Kāmrān, the final time being in 1550.