What is Microscope and how it works ?

A compound microscope has two or more lenses. The eyepiece or ocular lens sits atop the body tube. Many microscopes are binocular and have two ocular lenses.

When most people think of microscopes, biology and medicine probably come to mind.

In many ways, an electron microscope functions similarly to an optical scope except that, instead of visible light, a stream of electrons is used to illuminate the specimen. The electron beam is focused with magnetic lenses. Changes to the electron beam inside the specimen are recorded and an image is formed based upon these changes.

For example, geologists use microscopes to examine rocks and minerals and materials scientists use them to study plastics and polymers. Engineers use microscopes to study surface properties and structures of metals.

Today, however, microscopes are used in many other fields. For example, geologists use microscopes to examine rocks and minerals and materials scientists use them to study plastics and polymers.

A binocular head will have a prism, either in the head or the body tube, to split the image and direct it to both oculars. The oculars have different available magnifications, but usually less than the power of the objective lenses.

Engineers use microscopes to study surface properties and structures of metals.

The objective lenses are at the bottom of the microscope tube nearest the specimen

Optical Microscopes: A First. The earliest, and simplest, microscope used a singular convex lens to magnify an image placed under its focus.

microscopes, instruments for enlarging the detail that we cannot see with the unaided eye. The microscope is a multiple-element system having more than a single lens or mirror.

Electron Microscopes Shoot Small Particles. ..

In a simple microscope, the light source may be ambient light collected and reflected upwards into the aperture by a small mirror.

Scanning Probe Microscopes Use a Very Fine Tip.

A microscope can be made from two convex lenses. The image formed by the first element becomes the object for the second element.

The type of illumination source will increase in sophistication as a microscope’s complexity increases. Tungsten-halogen, mercury arc, and metal halide lamps, as well as LED illumination provide different types of light to meet certain viewing requirements.

Basic Structure and Principle of Microscopes. A general biological microscope mainly consists of an objective lens, ocular lens, lens tube, stage, and reflector.

To be useful, a microscope must accomplish three things: it must magnify the object you are trying to view, resolve the details of the object, and make these details visible.

The second element forms its own image, which is the object for the third element, and so on. Ray tracing helps to visualize the image formed. If the device is composed of thin lenses and mirrors that obey the thin lens equations, then it is not difficult to describe their behavior numerically.

An object placed on the stage is magnified through the objective lens. When the target is focused, a magnified image can be observed through the ocular lens.

Objectives arranged in this way are described as parfocal. The second, the eyepiece, also referred to as the ocular, has several lenses which slide inside a cylindrical barrel. The focusing ability is provided by the movement of both the objective lens and the eyepiece.

The first step to learning how a microscope works. The optical or light microscope uses visible light transmitted through, refracted around, or reflected from a specimen.

The purpose of a microscope is to magnify small objects, and both lenses contribute to the final magnification. Additionally, the final enlarged image is produced in a location far enough from the observer to be easily viewed, since the eye cannot focus on objects or images that are too close.

The object is slightly farther away from the objective lens than its focal length fo, producing a case 1 image that is larger than the object. This first image is the object for the second lens, or eyepiece.

Thus the eyepiece acts as a magnifying glass, and the final image is made even larger. The final image remains inverted, but it is farther from the observer, making it easy to view (the eye is most relaxed when viewing distant objects and normally cannot focus closer than 25 cm).

The power to enlarge the image of the specimen when viewed through a microscope is known as the magnification and is dependent upon how much the lenses bend the light waves.