Tell about Babylonian ?

The remains of the city are in present-day Hillah, Babil Governorate, Iraq, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) south of Baghdad, comprising a large tell of broken mud-brick buildings and debris.

Perhaps the most famous feature of the Babylonian civilization is the structure known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. They were considered as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Hanging Gardens have been described as an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs and vines.

The main sources of information about Babylon—excavation of the site itself, references in cuneiform texts found elsewhere in Mesopotamia, references in the Bible, descriptions in classical writing (especially by Herodotus), and second-hand descriptions (citing the work of Ctesias and Berossus)—present an incomplete and sometimes contradictory picture of the ancient city even at its peak in the sixth century BC.

The were said to have looked like a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks. Considered a remarkable feat of engineering, the Hanging Gardens are said to have been built during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, who ruled from 605 BC to 562 BC.

Nonetheless, most people believe in the existence of the Hanging Gardens. It is not known how they were destroyed. There is a theory by which they were demolished during the sacking of Babylon by Assyrian king Sennacherib.

The Babylonians believed in many Gods who were human in form but immortal and superhuman in power. Their Gods were in charge of the realms of heaven, earth, sea and air; or of the sun, moon and planets; or of natural entities as river, mountain and plain; or of social entities as city and state. Marduk was the head of the deities of the Babylonian pantheon. He was granted this leadership as a reward for avenging the Gods by defeating Tiamat, the savage and defiant goddess of chaos.

Other important Babylonian deities include Ea, the god of wisdom and spells; Sin, the moon god; Shamash, the sun god and the god of justice; Ishtar, the goddess of love and war; and Adad, the god of wind, storm and flood. Large temples were dedicated to each of the important deities in one or more Babylonian cities. Large cities had many temples; like Babylon had more than 50 temples during the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The primary function of the temples was to fulfill the need of the Gods through sacred rites and large ceremonies carried out by an institutionalized clergy.

It has been estimated that Babylon was the largest city in the world from around 1770 BC to 1670 BC; and then again between 612 BC and 320 BC. It was perhaps the first city to reach a population above 200,000. The Babylonian civilization achieved much during the time of its supremacy. They developed the first ever positional number system in which the value of a digit depends on both the digit and its position. Positional system greatly simplifies arithmetic and helped the Babylonians to make great advances in mathematics.

It has now been established that Greek and Hellenistic mathematicians borrowed heavily from the Babylonians. Babylonia also contributed significantly to Mesopotamian art and architecture; and built massive and marvelous structures like Etemenanki and the Ishtar Gate.

Their civilization occupies a pivotal place in the history of modern scientific astronomy and it laid the basis for all western astronomy. They also laid the foundation for Western astrology.