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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:35 pm
It is said in oral history that one woman of Kalinga came to Ashoka after the war and said that the battle took away her husband, father and son from her and she has nothing to live for. Those words moved Emperor Ashoka so much that he adopted the Buddhism and walked the path of Ahimsa or non-violence.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:35 pm
After the Battle of Kalinga, Emperor Ashoka ended his military conquests and completely stopped the territorial expansion policy of Mauryan Empire.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:35 pm
Edicts of Ashoka have records of the response of Emperor Ashoka to Kalinga War.

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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:36 pm
After the battle, Ashoka embraced the concept of Dhammavijaya or Victory through Dhamma.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:36 pm
Ashoka sent missionaries to Srilanka, Macedonia, Greece and Syria to spread the message of Buddhism and peace.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:36 pm
In the 12th year of his reign and the 8th year of his coronation, in 261 B.C., Asoka invaded Kalinga.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:37 pm
In the 12th year of his reign and the 8th year of his coronation, in 261 B.C., Asoka invaded Kalinga.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:37 pm
From the view point of Mauryan imperialism, the conquest of Kalinga was considered necessary for various reasons. From the side of Kalinga, her freedom-loving people were powerful enough to resist the invasion with all their might.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:37 pm
As a result, the Kalinga War became one of the most violent and terrible wars of ancient times. Its outcome became epoch-making to make it one of the most famous wars of world history.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:37 pm
From ancient times Kalinga maintained her identity as a powerful state. It extended from the river Ganges in the east to the river Godavari in the south, covering the eastern seacoast of India. Its northern frontier touched the southern frontier of the Maurya Empire. Modern Orissa covers the core areas of ancient Kalinga.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:37 pm
The power of ancient Kalinga is known from several facts. With many sea ports on her coast, Kalinga was a maritime power with oversee colonies. Her merchants and sailors crossed the Indian Ocean to carry on prosperous trade with south-east Asian countries. Ancient traditions of Burma refer to Kalinga colonies in that country.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:38 pm
From his researches on the ancient geographer Ptolemy’s works, Gerini came to the conclusion that, “The mighty people of Kalinga had established an empire in Burma long before Asoka led his victorious soldiers into Kalinga”. From the Buddhist and Jaina sources also one gets references to Kalinga’s maritime activities. For the fertility of the land because of rivers, and for commercial enterprises outside, the Kalinga people were rich and prosperous.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:38 pm
The Military power of Kalinga was also formidable. Ancient sources refer to her elephant forces as a cause of that strength. The Greek ambassador Megasthenes who lived in the court of Chandragupta Maurya referred indirectly to the military power of Kalinga. According to him, the king of Kalinga in the days of the first Maurya Emperor, maintained for himself a standing bodyguard of “60,000 foot soldiers, 1,000 horsemen, and 700 elephants”. If the king required such a big force to protect himself and his palace, he must have maintained a very big and powerful army to protect his Kingdom.

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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:38 pm
The real power of Kalinga is established from the fact that while Chandragupta Maurya conquered almost the whole of India and defeated the Greek King Seleukos, he did not invade Kalinga which was so near to Magadha. His son and successor Bindusara who was also a powerful king and was known as the Amitraghata or the ‘Slayer of the Foes’, did not think of invading Kalinga. This proves that the first two Maurya Emperors were greatly aware of the military might of Kalinga and did not think it wise to invade that land. Asoka, the third Maurya Emperor, had also to wait and prepare for long eight years after his coronation to undertake that invasion.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:38 pm
The reasons which prompted Asoka to invade Kalinga seem to be self evident. The conquest of Kalinga was necessary to complete the political unification of India. Since Kalinga territory was like the land bridge between the north and the south, its conquest could result in safe passage for the Magadhan army for aggression in the far south.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:39 pm
The Maurya power had also Reason to apprehend invasion from Kalinga from the south. The existence of a powerful independent state touching upon the Magadhan territory was like a direct threat to Mauryan imperialism.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:39 pm
There were other reasons too. The Kalinga people dominated the Indian Ocean and controlled the overseas trade.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:39 pm
Their supremacy on the eastern seacoast virtually closed the sea routes in the east for the Magadhan merchants. Similarly, the land routes for internal trade from the Gangetic valley towards the Deccan were also controlled by Kalinga. The economy of the Maurya Empire was thus adversely affected by Kalinga’s supremacy over the seas and the eastern seacoast.
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kunal
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:39 pm
Some accounts of the Tibetan author Taranatha had led some historians to believe that the seafaring people of Kalinga plundered some ships coming from outside with costly jewels for Asoka. It is probable that the Kalingans did not permit the maritime journey of the Magadhans in the Indian Ocean.
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kunal
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 12:39 pm
Asoka, an aggressive man as he was, possessed the resources of an all-India empire to feel bold to invade Kalinga when he was at the height of his power. The Maurya imperialism could not have also reached its logical climax without the conquest of a hostile country across its border.
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What was the history of Kalinga War ? - Page 13 Empty Re: What was the history of Kalinga War ?

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