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Manoj
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:15 am
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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:54 am
"Homo erectus spanned a large [temporal] and geographic range," said Adam Van Arsdale, an anthropologist at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, explaining the significance of H. erectus. "It is also important because it's the first fossil ancestral to modern humans that, in many ways, shares a lot of its ecology."

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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:54 am
Compared with modern Homo sapiens, which have only been around for the last 200,000 years, Homo erectus, or "upright man," had a long reign. The ancient ancestor of modern humans lived from 2 million years ago till about 100,000 years ago, possibly even 50,000 years ago.
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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:54 am
In particular, H. erectus had a similar range of body sizes to modern humans, and it is the first human ancestor to have similar limb and torso proportions to those seen in modern humans. This suggests it had adapted to walking on two feet in a more open, grassland environment, rather than swinging from tree branch to branch.
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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:54 am
Notably, some H. erectus individuals also had much larger brains than older hominins, according to a 2013 overview of H. erectus that Van Arsdale published in the Nature Education Knowledge Project. Specifically, small-bodied, early H. erectus fossils have brain sizes not much bigger than Australopithecus (an ancestor of the Homo genus), but the Nariokotome Boy and other early large-bodied specimens have a brain volume more than 50 percent larger than Australopithecus and about 60 percent the volume of people living today.
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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:54 am
Homo erectus also had more variation in height — with more tall and short individuals — than more primitive humans.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:55 am
Homo erectus' larger brain may explain why its apparent intelligence and why it displays so many distinctly human behaviors. In terms of intelligence, "I don’t think would be great elementary school students if we try to put them through our education system," Van Arsdale said. "But they were very successful in a lot of different environments."

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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:55 am
Homo erectus' ability to make complex tools was possible because of the strength and dexterity in its hands, which it owes to a certain hand-bone projection called a "styloid process" that was previously thought to only exist in Neanderthals and modern humans, according to a 2013 PNAS study.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:55 am
Homo erectus was once thought to have first evolved from an earlier human ancestor, known as Homo habilis, somewhere in East Africa. It was thought that H. erectus then spread out to inhabit South Africa, parts of Europe (Spain and Italy), the Caucasus, India, China, and Indonesia.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:55 am
However, there's much disagreement about whether these populations are actually all H. erectus, or if they should be considered other species.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:55 am
According to Van Arsdale's H. erectus review, some experts argue H. erectus is restricted largely to Eastern and Southeast Asia, some fossils from Western Asia and Africa should be considered Homo ergaster and European remains are best described as Homo
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:56 am
The first H. erectus fossil found was a 1-million-year-old skull discovered by Dutch surgeon Eugene Dubois in Indonesia in 1891.

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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:56 am
Other notable fossils include the 1.77-million-year-old skull of an elderly man, discovered in Dmanisi, Georgia. The man had lost most of his teeth long before he died, causing much of his jaw to deteriorate, according to the Smithsonian Institution. This leads researchers to believe that other members of the man's social group must have cared for him, one of the first examples of such compassionate social behavior in a human ancestor.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:57 am
Fossils of these short and stocky humans, with their distinctive skull shape and large brow ridges, have mostly been found in China and Indonesia.

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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:57 am
Debate abounds as to whether the Asian fossils and those from Africa should be classified together as Homo erectus or if the African examples are different enough to be called Homo ergaster. The information on this page refers specifically to Asian Homo erectus.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:57 am
This species lived between 100,000 and 1.6 million years ago, although some estimates extend this to between 35,000 and 1.8 million years ago.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:57 am
After years of searching Indonesia for ‘the missing link’, Dutchman Eugene Dubois finally uncovered part of a skull in 1891 (known as ‘Java Man’). He believed this fossil belonged to an ancient and ‘upright’ human and so coined the species name erectus. Other scientists dismissed this interpretation, preferring to emphasise its ape-like qualities. Dubois’ opinion was validated when a series of similar fossils were uncovered in China during the 1920s and 1930s.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:57 am
Sangiran 17 – a 1.2 million-year-old skull discovered in 1969 in Sangiran, Indonesia. This adult male skull is the best preserved Homo erectus skull from Java.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:58 am
Zhoukoudian 3 – a skullcap discovered in 1929 in Zhoukoudian, China. This adolescent’s skullcap was originally found in fragments. When the pieces were fitted together, they showed that this young individual had a brain size of 915 cubic centimetres.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:58 am
‘Java Man’ or Trinil 2 – a skullcap discovered in 1891 by Eugene Dubois in Trinil, Indonesia. This fossil was nicknamed ‘Java Man’ because it was found on the island of Java. It is the ‘type specimen’ or official representative for the species.
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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:58 am
Sangiran 2 – a 1 million-year-old skullcap discovered in 1937 in Sangiran, Indonesia
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:58 am
‘Solo Man’ or Ngandong – a skull cap discovered in 1932 in Ngandong, Indonesia. Because its exact original location is unknown, published dates have ranged from 35,000 to 500,000 years old. ‘Solo Man’ shares similarities with earlier Homo erectus specimens from Sangiran and is considered to be a late Homo erectus.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:58 am
‘Mojokerto’ or Perning 1 – a juvenile skull discovered in 1936 in Mojokerto, Indonesia. Radiometric dates have suggested this child’s skull may be as old as 1.8 million years, which significantly increases the previous dates for Homo erectus in Asia. However, this date is debated as the sediment sample taken for dating was taken about 60 years after the skull was collected and the two may have come from different levels.
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deepika2029
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Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:59 am
Zhoukoudian 5 – a partial skull discovered in Zhoukoudian, China. This skull was reconstructed from several pieces found in 1934, 1936 and 1966.
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deepika2029
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What are the features of Homo Erectus?  Empty Re: What are the features of Homo Erectus?

Wed Jan 16, 2019 11:59 am
Sangiran 4 – a 1.5 million-year-old upper jaw discovered in 1939 in Sangiran, Indonesia. The canine teeth were larger than those found in modern humans. This is one of the oldest specimens from Sangiran.
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