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deepika2029
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What is Steam Engine and how does it work ? - Page 4 Empty Re: What is Steam Engine and how does it work ?

Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:41 pm
Earlier engines depended on atmospheric pressure to push the piston into the cylinder, where a vacuum was created by sudden cooling of its steam content. Watt's use of a separate condenser resulted in a 75% saving in fuel. It also made possible the use of steam pressure to move the piston in both directions.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:41 pm
Watt's continuing efforts produced a governor, a mercury steam gauge, and a crank-flywheel mechanism, all of which prepared the steam engine for a major role in the Industrial Revolution.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:41 pm
Sailing vessels gave way to steamboats, and stagecoaches yielded to railroad trains as the steam engine was perfected. Transmitted by belts, ropes, shafts, pulleys, and gears, the energy from steam engines drove machines in factories and mills. Now, however, steam engines have been replaced in most applications by more economical and efficient devices, e.g., the steam turbine, the electric motor, and the internal-combustion engine, including the diesel engine.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:41 pm
They are still sufficiently economical to be used in industries where steam is necessary for some purpose in addition to that of driving an engine.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:42 pm
Steam engine Engine powered by steam. Steam, generated by heating water, is used to produce movement. In some engines, the steam forces pistons to move along cylinders. This results in a reciprocating (back-and-forth) motion.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:42 pm
A mechanism usually changes this into rotary motion. Steam locomotives use reciprocating engines. Steam turbines are engines that produce rotary motion directly by using the steam to turn sets of fan-like wheels. In any steam engine, some of the heat used to turn water into steam in a boiler converts into energy of motion.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:42 pm
The heat may be produced by burning fuel in a furnace, or may come from a nuclear reactor. The first steam engine, invented by Thomas Savery in 1689, was a form of pump, used to remove water from mines.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:42 pm
In 1712, Thomas Newcomen invented a steam-operated pump with pistons. From the 1760s, James Watt improved on Newcomen's ideas and produced more efficient steam engines.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:42 pm
This led to the use of steam engines to power machinery in factories. In 1884, English engineer Charles Parsons invented the first practical steam turbine. His machines were so efficient that turbines soon started to replace reciprocating steam engines in power stations.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:43 pm
Thomas Savery built the first steam engine in 1698. Thomas Newcomen made it a little better. James Watt improved the steam engine in the mid-1800s, so it was really useful.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:43 pm
From the mid-1800s to the early 1900s, steam-powered engines were very popular. Steam engines powered trains, boats and even huge ships. The Titanic was steam powered. People even made steam cars.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:43 pm
magine living off nothing but coal and water and still having enough energy to run at over 100 mph! That's exactly what a steam locomotive can do. Although these giant mechanical dinosaurs are now extinct from most of the world's railroads, steam technology lives on in people's hearts and locomotives like this still run as tourist attractions on many heritage railways.

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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:44 pm
Steam locomotives were powered by steam engines, and deserve to be remembered because they swept the world through the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Steam engines rank with cars, airplanes, telephones, radio, and television among the greatest inventions of all time. They are marvels of machinery and excellent examples of engineering, but under all that smoke and steam, how exactly do they work?
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:44 pm
t takes energy to do absolutely anything you can think of—to ride on a skateboard, to fly on an airplane, to walk to the shops, or to drive a car down the street. Most of the energy we use for transportation today comes from oil, but that wasn't always the case. Until the early 20th century, coal was the world's favorite fuel and it powered everything from trains and ships to the ill-fated steam planes invented by American scientist Samuel P. Langley, an early rival of the Wright brothers.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:44 pm
What was so special about coal? There's lots of it inside Earth, so it was relatively inexpensive and widely available.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:44 pm
Coal is an organic chemical, which means it's based on the element carbon. Coal forms over millions of years when the remains of dead plants get buried under rocks, squeezed by pressure, and cooked by Earth's internal heat. That's why it's called a fossil fuel. Lumps of coal are really lumps of energy.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:44 pm
The carbon inside them is locked to atoms of hydrogen and oxygen by joints called chemical bonds. When we burn coal on a fire, the bonds break apart and the energy is released in the form of heat.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:44 pm
Coal contains about half as much energy per kilogram as cleaner fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene—and that's one reason why steam engines have to burn so much of it.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:45 pm
A steam engine is a machine that burns coal to release the heat energy it contains—so it's an example of what we call a heat engine. It's a bit like a giant kettle sitting on top of a coal fire. The heat from the fire boils the water in the kettle and turns it into steam. But instead of blowing off uselessly into the air, like the steam from a kettle, the steam is captured and used to power a machine. Let's find out how!
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:45 pm
The boiler (2) in a steam locomotive doesn't look much like a kettle you'd use to make a cup of tea, but it works the same way, producing steam under high pressure.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:45 pm
The boiler is a big tank of water with dozens of thin metal tubes running through it (for simplicity, we show only one here, colored orange). The tubes run from the firebox to the chimney, carrying the heat and the smoke of the fire with them (shown as white dots inside the tube). This arrangement of boiler tubes, as they are called, means the engine's fire can heat the water in the boiler tank much faster, so it produces steam more quickly and efficiently. The water that makes the steam either comes from tanks mounted on the side of the locomotive or from a separate wagon called a tender, pulled behind the locomotive.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:45 pm
The steam generated in the boiler flows down into a cylinder (3) just ahead of the wheels, pushing a tight-fitting plunger, the piston (4), back and forth. A little mechanical gate in the cylinder, known as an inlet valve (shown in orange) lets the steam in.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:45 pm
As the piston pushes, the crank and connecting rod turn the locomotive's wheels and power the train along (6). When the piston has reached the end of the cylinder, it can push no further.
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deepika2029
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Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:46 pm
There's a cylinder on each side of the locomotive and the two cylinders fire slightly out of step with one another to ensure there's always some power pushing the engine along.
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deepika2029
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What is Steam Engine and how does it work ? - Page 4 Empty Re: What is Steam Engine and how does it work ?

Tue Jan 15, 2019 6:46 pm
Our diagram up above shows a very simple, one-cylinder steam engine powering a steam locomotive down a track. This is called a rotary steam engine, because the piston's job is to make a wheel rotate. The earliest steam engines worked in an entirely different way.
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